GurgelClube

Cena / 280-M

1986 - 1988

O sonho do Amaral era fazer um carro barato, pequeno e prático para os centros urbanos. Uma idéia que ele teve em 1953 no projeto do Tião, e que a partir do ano de 2000 é a opção das grandes montadoras. Infelizmente o governo do Brasil não apoiou a maior industria Nacional que este País já teve.

O ex-presidente Fernando Collor de Melo (que foi expulso da presidência pelo povo, e que depois conseguiu ser senador!!!!!) deu a facada de morte na empresa quando concedeu facilidades para as Multinacionais abaixarem o preço de seus carros populares, pois Gurgel estava ganhando muito o mercado Brasileiro.

Em 1985, enquanto a industria automobilistica Brasileira aumentava 12,8% como um todo, a Gurgel crescia 45,8%. Isso assustou as empresas estrangeiras, que não queriam que o Brasil virasse uma potência na industria de automóveis. No setor de jipes Gurgel detinha 77% do mercado.

Primeiro as "gringas" pensaram em fazer concorrência, trazendo veiculos pequenos lá de fora das fronteiras. A Fiat por exemplo trouxe e testou o Fiat 126. Como não era economicamente viável esta solução, resolveram quebrar a Gurgel com uma "ajudazinha" de certos governates......

Uma coisa interessante é que, enquanto as fabricas sempre esconderam seus lançamentos, Amaral agia ao contrário, convidava reporteres para acompanhar toda a fase de testes e aprimoramentos. Amaral não "escondia" os ajustes necessários antes do lançamento no mercado do veiculo.

De inicio Amaral pensou em usar o motor de 2 cilindros do Citroem 2CV, que, se aguenta bem o carro de 580 kg, teria desempenho ainda melhor no Cena, mais leve. Mas, acabou não se firmando acordo, pois teria que produzir no Brasil todas as peças necessárias, até parafusos que não são compatíveis. Isso foi ótimo, pois aí passou a fabricar um motor nacional (BRASILEIRO), o motor Enertron, um motor de dois cilindros opostos, fabricado pela própria Gurgel, em aluminio silício com 7,8 kg de peso.

Foi criada uma nova empresa, Gurgel Motores, para produzir o Enertron. Ficou parecido com um motor VW boxer cortado ao meio. Feitos nas versões 650 cc e 800 cc. São apenas 2 litros de óleo no carter, mais 0,5 do filtro. O motor usa refrigeração mista, a água e a ar.

Nos carros populares da gurgel, o motor é dianteiro e a transmissão traseira por eixo cardã e diferencial.

      Enertron 650 - Usa os pistões do VW 1,3 litro. 26 a 30 HP. Esse motor foi deixado de lado, Gurgel optou por usar o 800.
      Enertron 800 - Usa os pistões Ford Escort 1,6 litro. Diamêtro: 85,5 mm, curso do pistão: 69 mm, cilindrada: 796 cm3, razão de compressão: 8,5:1, potência: 32 cv a 5.000 rpm. Torque: 5,8 kgf.m a 2.000 rpm. 4 marchas: 1ª 1:3,746 / 2ª 1:2,157 / 3ª 1:1,378 / 4ª 1:1,000 / ré 1:3,815 / transmissão do diferencial: 1:4,100.
      Enertron 800 (Supermini) - Diamêtro: 85,5 mm, curso do pistão: 69 mm, cilindrada: 792 cm3, razão de compressão: 8,7:1, potência: 36 cv (26,5 kW) a 5.500 rpm. Torque: 6,6 kgf.m a a 2.500 rpm. 4 marchas: 1ª 1:3,65 / 2ª 1:2,14 / 3ª 1:1,37 / 4ª 1:1,000 / ré 1:3,66 / transmissão do diferencial: 1:4,100.

       CENA. (Projeto) O nome do carro popular seria Cena (Carro Econômico Nacional), mas a família de Ayrton Senna se opôs por causa da fonética do nome, então Gurgel passou o nome para 265 e 280, dependendo do motor. Na sala de projetos havia um grande painel branco com o desenho do Cena, em escala natural. Um monovolume para 4 pessoas e 100 kg de bagagem, ou 2 pessoas e 250 kg de carga. Comprimento: 2,9 m, altura: 1,5 m, distância entre eixos: 1,85, e peso de 450 kg.
      Fotos: Revista 4 Rodas, julho de 1987.

Fotos: Revista 4 Rodas, agosto de 1987.

       265 S. Cena Sedã com motor Enertron 650.
1987 - 265 S (só o projeto). Não chegou a ser produzido, pois Amaral optou por usar apenas o motor Enertron 800.
       Família 280. Cena com motor Enertron 800. Uma coisa interessante é que o 280 não é pintado, a carroceria recebe pigmentação na confecção. Lanternas traseiras do Gol até 1986, dianteiras da Brasilia após 1978. No protótipo os instrumentos eram redondos, e quando foi lançado passaram a ser quadrados, para uma melhor estética. Foram feitos poucos protótipos para testes em 1987. Sua apresentação foi no desfile militar de 7 de setembro de 1987, enorme sucesso. Em 1988 iniciou a produção em série, mas fabricados poucos, pois já evoluiu para o BR-800. Um acessório interessante é a maleta executiva que ficava encaixada no painel, no lugar do porta luvas. Era só desencaixar e levar consigo. Comprimento: 3,11 metros, peso: 450 kg. Atingia 110 km/h e tinha consumo de até 25 km/l. Pouco antes de evoluir para o BR-800, começou a ser chamado de BR-280.
1987 a 1988 - 280 S. Sedã.
      Fotos: Site Gurgel Guerreiro.

1987 a 1988 - 280 M. Múltiplo.
Foto: revista Oficina Mecânica n.º 18.

Mais fotos do 280 M

Fontes: Acervo digital da Revista Quatro Rodas, Internet.

Texto e dados levantados com a colaboração de: Moa de Santos/SP.

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