Transa
1972 - 1972

Feito apenas o protótipo. Foi o verdadeiro Off-Road nacional. Sua inspiração: A Transamazônica. Foi pensando nos terrenos alagadiços da região amazônica que surgiu o projeto do primeiro veículo anfíbio brasileiro, prontamente chamado de Trans-Am ou, mais simplificadamente, Transa. A producao seria de 10 unidades por mes, e deveria custar mais ou menos Cr$ 35.000. 

Chamá-lo de anfíbio seria pouco, já que suas características seriam apropriadas para qualquer tipo de terreno, não só água e terra firme, como se espera de um anfíbio convencional, mas qualquer mistura destes dois "ingredientes". Para tanto, o Transa seria equipado com seis rodas motrizes (configuração 6X6), suspensão independente para cada roda com molas heleicoidais e amortecedroes, e dois sistemas de direção, além de hélice náutica. 

Com 1 tonelada de peso, ele teria 3,40 m de comprimento, 1,60 m de largura por 1,70 m de altura total; do chão ao carro, serão 80 cm. A caixa de mudança seria Volkswagen, mas sua segunda caixa de redução seria fabricada pela própria Gurgel. 

Para transposição de alagados e rios seria feito o uso da hélice, sendo o direcionamento do veículo feito pelas rodas dianteiras e traseiras, através de volante convencional. Para terrenos instáveis, o sistema de direção empregado é o mesmo dos tratores onde, através de duas alavancas, é feito o freio das rodas do mesmo lado que se pretende girar o veículo. Para direcionar o veículo em piso firme entraria em ação o outro sistema de direção, onde as rodas dianteiras giram em sentido oposto às traseiras, permanecendo as centrais fixas. Além de evitar o arrasto dos pneus em curvas, já que o entre-eixos do Transa era pequeno, este sistema permitiria um raio de giro extremamente pequeno, ideal para situações onde o espaço de manobras é limitado. 

Mesmo com todos estes predicados, o Transa ainda teria um guincho com capacidade de 3 toneladas, de acionamento mecânico, ligado ao motor, com 50 metros de cabo, muito útil para "içar" o veículo nas barrancas de rios. 

O único componente "de linha" seria o motor, um boxer VW de 1600cc e 65 HP, o que permitiria ao Transa uma velocidade máxima de 80 km/h na terra e 7 nós na água (aproximadamente 15 km/h), isso com a capacidade máxima de carga, de 500 kg mais quatro passageiros. A carroçaria seria constituída de uma estrutura tubular metálica revestida com fibra de vidro, o que permitiria leveza e resistência ao conjunto. Este sistema (Plasteel) foi utilizado em todos os outros veículos da marca, deixando o veiculo leve e resistente. 

A foto, tirada nas antigas instalações no bairro do Bosque da Saúde, em São Paulo, comprova a existência do protótipo, que só não foi produzido em série por causa do custo proibitivo para os padrões da época. Não fosse este "pequeno detalhe", o panorama do Off-Road nacional com certeza seria outro. 

      Fotos: revista Quatro Rodas, setembro 1972.
      
      

Fontes: Acervo digital da Revista Quatro Rodas, Internet.

Texto e dados levantados com a colaboração de: Francisco Branco, e Moa de Santos/SP.




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